Genetic disorders Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Genetic disorders - Research Paper Example The symptom was first described by British physician, Langdon Down (Web. Down Syndrome, n.d.). Symptoms People with Down Syndrome are typically short in stature, short neck, loose-jointed, particularly in ankles, they have broad skulls, wide nostrils, large tongues with a distinctive furrowing and stubby hands with a crease on the palm, curved "pinky" fingers, upward slanting eyes, shape of the ears are small, facial expressions are flat, weak muscles are responsible for the poor heart (responsible for congenital heart imperfections) and other organ development, white spots on iris. Such individuals display impaired mental abilities and require special training and care (Web. Down Syndrome, n.d.). Age of onset Down Syndrome is a birth defect which is influenced by the age of the mother. As the age of the mother progresses chances of birth defects augments. For instance, if the age of mother is 25 then chances of giving birth to the child with Down Syndrome is 1 in 1,250 where as if t he age of mother is 45 years, the chances of baby with Down Syndrome becomes 1 in 30 (Web. Down Syndrome, n.d.). Prevalence of Down Syndrome Down Syndrome is one of the most prevalent chromosomal condition. In 2004-2006, the national prevalence of the disease was 15 per 10,000 births (Web. National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, n.d.). Current Knowledge Trisomy 21 is a result of chromosome non-disjunction in one of the meiotic cell divisions. The non-disjunction event can occur in either parent, but more likely to occur in females. Congenital birth defects are difficult to treat still, with the prevalence of disease condition research studies are going on to formulate a definite cure for the disease condition. Prevalence of the Condition- Statistics reveal that there is 71 percent increase in the cases of Down Syndrome, in the year 1989-90, the number of cases reported were1,075; while in 2007-8 the number of cases increased to 1,843. One of the chief reason s is that women are more career oriented and delay is observed in starting family which is displayed through the comparative analysis, which display that women of 40 years has 16 percent more chances of having a baby with Down syndrome as compared to the women of the age group 25 years (Web. Down's Syndrome cases soar as women delay starting a family, 2009). However, lazy eyes could be rectified with the help of surgery. Considering the prevalence of Down Syndrome, numerous research projects are being carried out by Down Syndrome Research and Treatment Foundation (DSRTF), encompassing- Balancing Excitation and Inhibition- the project deals with the exploration of neural circuits that are responsible for the memory and learning of the individual, using excitatory and inhibitory inputs. The study is carried out using numerous subtypes of GABA-A receptors. Roche, an international pharmaceutical company in September 2011, initiated Phase-I clinical trials for a drug employed to assess t he protection and permissibility of the particle intended to deal with the behavioral and cognitive discrepancies related to Down Syndrome (Web. Active Research Projects, n.d). Restoring Neuronal Pathways- Down syndrome cases display stunted growth, however, certain cerebellar neurons are targeted to regulate the development of cerebellum to its normal state which directly influences the brain activity. The compound SAG is used

Managing information and financial resources Essay

Managing information and financial resources - Essay Example Profitability of Astra Zeneca has been analyzed by using four profitability ratios, namely gross profit ratio, operating profit ratio, return on total assets, and net profit ratio. Gross profit measures the percentage of each sales dollar remaining after the company has paid for the goods sold. In fact this is the margin of profit created by sales to meet overheads and other expenses. Astra has shown an improvement in this area of profitability as its gross profit has increased from 78.28% in 2007 to 79.12% in 2008. This also reflects the improvement in its efficiency in managing its cost of sales. Operating profits are also called EBIT (earnings before interest and taxes).These are pure profits because they measure only the profits earned on operations ignoring interest, taxes, and preference dividends. Astra has shown improvement in operating earnings in 2008 when compared with 2007. In 2008 operating profit ratio was 28.94% which is an efficient improvement when compared to 27.38% in 2007. Ratio of net profit remaining after taxes reflect the overall performance of the firm after meeting all expenses, overheads, finances expenses, and taxes. In 2007 this ratio was 19.04% which improved slightly to 19.4% in 2008. Profitability assessment can also be made on basis of return on total assets (ROA). It is also called return on investments. This ratio measures the overall efficiency of management in generating profits. Astra’s return on assets was 13.04% in 2008, which is a definite improvement over ROI of 11.67% in 2007. Liquidity of a firm represents the firm’s ability to meet its short term liabilities as those become due. In fact liquidity refers to the solvency of overall financial position of the firm. Liquidity of a firm is generally measured by its current ratio and quick ratio. However, average collection period and average payment period are related liquidity checks

Advantage and Disadvantage of Hospitality Industry

Advantage and Disadvantage of Hospitality Industry Hospitality Industry is an industry that has lots of competitor because it is one of the fastest growing sectors among others industry. Besides that, the hospitality industry is one of the oldest businesses in the history. Nevertheless, it changed and expending drastically in areas such as tourism, meeting and convention planning as the time goes by. The huge growth of the hospitality industry required a high qualified and trained people to fill in the rapidly opening positions in hospitality management. Other than that, it is an exciting, never gets boring and offers unlimited opportunities to the people. The African Americans had lots of experience in hospitality but not always been positive. In the past, they usually carry out the hospitality operations in a low-level managerial position and from the lowest realm in service till the realistic opportunity of becoming general managers. The usage rate is an important variable for the hospitality industry as the owner would like to ha ve his or her productive asset in use as much as possible. Based on the business dictionary, the hospitality industry is defined as hotel, motels, inns, or such businesses that provides transitional or short-term lodging, with or without food. Besides that, to handle a competitor in the industry, it is very important to have the characteristics of the personnel working in direct contact with the guest. The person must have authenticity, professionalism, and actually concern about the happiness and well-being of the customers in order to success in competing with other competitor. Answer for Question 1 The hospitality industry covers a huge range of organizations which have lots of categories of fields. Those fields in the hospitality industry are travel tourism, restaurant, and recreation. Besides that, there are advantages as well as disadvantages in every businesses and people. Although hospitality industry is a very wide scope industry but it mainly focuses on the two largest establishments throughout the world. The figure below is two largest establishments in the hospitality industry. Lodging as known as accommodation is a place that allows someone to lives or stay temporarily. The people who need the lodging for sleep, rest, safety, shelter from cold temperature or rain, storage of luggage and access to common household functions. Commonly the lodging establishment consists of recreation, food service, entertainment and personal services to the travelers. Then, lodging is done in a hotel, hostel, resort, chalet, and motel. Other than that, the goal of all businesses is to link or match supply with the demand like hotels want to sell room and other kinds of services to guest who provides their demand. Supply which is the product and services is a holistic concept and it consists of tangibles and intangibles. Examples of tangibles are hotel type and physical amenities while intangibles are the personal services that provided by the lodging staff. Demand which is the customer wants and needs is always changing and varied. Hotel can be categorized by price, service l evels, guests or market segment served, and location. Advantages of Lodging Nowadays, people usually stay in other city or town and away from their home for some certain period of time. Lodging is the only place for them to stay during that time. Besides that, the advantages of lodging are that the guest can put away their stress on doing housework such as cleaning and laundry because in the lodging, those services are provided. Other than that, leisure places such as gymnastic room or swimming pool is another attraction for the consumer to make their choice staying in a hotel. In additional, lodging in hospitality industry on the economics angle is the ability to provide products or services of superior quality and reasonable price. Besides that, the company can provide a lower cost which can provide a lower price for the customer than the competition offers. Therefore, the hotel must always update their guest about the latest promotions and also the event organized from other competitors. Furthermore, localization is the advantages of the lodging in the hospitality industry. In localization part, hotel can be divided in two types which is the conference hotel and hotel that nearby the vocational locations. Conference hotel is mainly targeted on businessman and it is located in the city or a conference area of the certain country. Then, the hotel which is nearby the vocational locations is hotel which is located near beautiful such as beach resort. Besides that, these hotels also located in a tourism area and mainly targeted on family. This kind of hotel is very free during the peak working hour but will be very peak during the holiday period. Moreover, the environment is another factor of advantages in lodging. The strategic location of the hotel that can allow the guests to view nice and beautiful scenery. The guest can have a memorable view and release tension by just looking out from their room. Other than the lodging, customer also concern about the quality of entertainment such as pub, snooker center, golf field, casino and theme park. For guest who wanted to release stress and seeking for entertainment, this is the best attraction to them. Disadvantages of Lodging In large hotels, there are a large numbers of rooms, facilities and wide choices of dining to be chosen. All these are the advantages of lodging but it also the disadvantages of lodging. In large hotels, a long queued line at the reception area is the common things in most of the large lodging. The main reason that causes this problem is the failure of the management. As a hotelier, we must have a further planning in handling critical situation because we cant ensure that the guest will check out on time and wont causes the next guest to wait a period of time before they can check into their room. Furthermore, the most common problem that will be happened in large hotels is lack staffs in working. This problem can cause the guest to get angry while waiting to be served. Besides that, the insufficient of the staff may also cause another staff to suffer. This problem can cause a big problem and complains from a guest as they waiting something from the staff while the staff is busying handling another guest. Food service is a large industry which has connection with the preparation and service of food outside the home. Restaurant, catering a wedding party or function, and running a cafeteria are all the example of establishment in the food service industry. In this industry, the manager has to take a responsibility in ordering wholesale ingredients, maintaining the food processing and cooking equipment. The person who holds the manager position is usually gained several years of working experience in food and beverage jobs. In United States, food service industry is one of the largest employers working as servers and managers. Most of them are under the age of 30 and more than half of them are holding a high school diploma or less. Besides that, in food industry, there are 3 types of service provided to the guest. Firstly is counter service which is the food or drinks are all ordered at the counter. Secondly is the table service which is the food or drinks order were taken by the waiter or waitress. Lastly is the gueridon service which the food is served by a trolley that is well equipped to prepare, cook and serve the food to the guest. Other than that, there are many regulations that are needed to follow in order to maintain the quality food service. Generally, the food service director is working about 12hours each day and sometimes might be longer. Advantages of Food Service Food Service industry is an industry that needed a large amount of human energy to carry out the work from chef position, assistant chef until the waiter or waitress. Besides that, there are quite an amount of position in between chef and waiter, therefore this condition cause the increased the job opportunities. People with a higher education can hold a position in the management level while the people with a lower education can hold the lower position such as cleaner or waiter. Due to the increase of the lodging therefore the development of the dining will be improved based on the improvement of the lodging. Furthermore, this industry is mainly targeted on those who are finding something to consume when they are hungry. If this kind of business is located in the correct and suitable place, the result of the business will be very peak, successful, and gain revenue but if located in the wrong and not suitable place, the result will be totally opposite. Besides that, it must be easily to be found so the people who work can save their time during the rushing hour. Moreover, a professional trained staff is the way to lead the food service establishment to a success. Therefore, the staff must get to use nowadays technology in order to make their job more efficiencies and productive. With the help of technology, the food order were taken down by electronic devices, patron seating are all contributing in an efficient fast serving. Disadvantages The increased of job opportunities in this industry is an advantages for the job seeker and student but it is disadvantages for the hospitality company. The reason is because of the students are just fresh graded and doesnt have any working experience will directly affect the efficiency of the service in any establishment. Besides that, the employee should have an on-the-job training to take care the task and responsibility in a restaurant. Then, the expensive rental fee of the shop which makes the owner has to pay lots money just for the rent. In additional the shop might only get limited quantities and more competitors. Furthermore, the long working time in the food service industry is one of the disadvantages. People who work in this industry are always demanding and grueling. In additional, the waiter and waitress must be in good attitude and wont so easy get emotional when dealing with the guest. Hence, the salary is highly based on the tips given by the customers, and employees may have a limited access to the benefits and protections from the government such as minimum wage laws. Then, environment is another disadvantage in the food service industry. Energy conservation, hazardous chemical disposal, and waste management are important and often appear in the food service managers. The health of the staff and the world will be affected if these agents are not used and disposed in a proper method. Many companies are finding methods to reduce the waste before purchasing it. Conclusion The hospitality industry is mainly focuses on fulfilling customer satisfaction. In order to achieve customer satisfaction, the good service is the most important thing. There will be more loyal customer if the customer satisfaction is achieved. Besides the individually service, there are also services that are mainly for special event planning which are mostly for social and corporate functions. Finally, hospitality industry is an honorable profession and it is the industry that mostly deals with customers needs and wants. Question 2 Find out the factors that affecting travel and tourism. Explain in detail Introduction In hospitality industry, travel and tourism plays an important role in increasing the revenue in the lodging. Furthermore, it is mainly for recreation, leisure or business purposes. Travel can be defined as a journey that is made while tourism can be defined as the commercial organization and operation of vacations and visits to places of interest. Therefore, people who travel are called as a tourist. Besides that, there are many leisure oriented businesses with a major food service and some of the hospitality component also dependent on the traveler or tourism, such as theme park, shopping mall and many more. The importances of tourism and hospitality industry are increasing every year because tourism is health of the hospitality industry. Other than that, the tourism is the collection productive businesses and governmental organizations that serve the travelers ways from home. These kinds of organizations consist of restaurants, hotels, motels, and resorts. Then, travel trends are significant to students or family of hospitality because they represent the way in which many guests reach. Answer for Question 2 Travel and tourism industry had become more popular leisure activity day by day. Besides that, there are two purposes for travel which is wanderlust and sunlust. Wanderlust is people who travel to see other countrys cultures and gaining experience while the sunlust is people who travel to some places to escape from climate for a while. Tourism can be divided into two types which is domestic tourism and outbound tourism. Domestic tourism is like people who travel in their own country. Outbound tourism is like people who travel away from home and visit another country for leisure or business purpose. Furthermore, people travel because of leisure and they are finding more way to relax themselves and away from busy life. Of course the most important in the tourism is accommodation which allows the traveler to stay in a night or more. The following diagram is the factors that affecting travel and tourism. Factors Affecting Travel and Tourism Leisure time is time that spent for ease and relaxation. The increased of the leisure time is for people to have more time off from the job or school holidays. As the world is changing, the policies in all organization are changing too. Other than that, most of the companies are providing their employees paid holidays and for the large organization, it usually provides a three-day weekends. The liberal company policies had enables the employees to go for a vacation or travel to help them away from stress and giving them a break since they had a more flexible arrangement. Enabling factors is refers to some people that have the thought to go on a holiday but they cant do so because of some reasons. The main reasons of that are money and time. If people cant afford the money and have enough time, it means the people cant go. Besides that, the availability in travel such as flight to certain location, suitable products like the range of different holidays, having transports to travel easily, marketing of a destination for bringing attention, and ease of booking. These are the enabling factors which allow people to act on their motivators. Technology factors have always been an industry that has made extensive use of new technology equipment. In tourism, there are several changes of technology like the different factors from medical advances to the innovative tourism. Other than that, a better communication and transports such as cruise ships and new customer had the confidence in safety matter. This will be easier, quicker and cheaper service which is demand of the customer. Besides that, the shorter and efficient time period for a person to travel to another farer place. Moreover, through the technology changes, online booking which can allow people to check for the travelling packages from touring companies websites and direct purchase without going walking in to the company. In additional, MATTA FAIR had been successfully organized with the association and sponsored form the different touring companies and organizations. It is a fair which is an open public fair that provides discount to the travelling packages and it is affordable for that economical income family. Income is money received on a regular basis of work or through investments. Nowadays, many women are started to work in order to maintain their family income rather than just the men. The reason for the women to start working is they wanted to find some challenges and the most mainly reason is that they want to give a more comfortable living lifestyle to her family. Besides that, for a marriage woman, they still need to take care of their children and doing some house work after a tiring working day. At last, their leisure time will be scarified. Therefore, if they had free time, they will spend their money on the goods and services that they demanded. In additional, they wont care so much about the price of the products or their travel because the time is a bounty for them and this bounty is hard to gain. Therefore, a good rest in releasing the pressure and hectic life style, the good and quality travelling will always be their first and wise choice. Demographic is a particular sector of a population. In America, a significant demographic change had been proven that middle age people had higher income and greater propensity to travel. The people within the age of 35 to 44 are mostly stays in the accommodations or a longer outstation trip in which for leisure or business purpose. Besides that, people after the age of 55 mostly going for leisure purpose by using their retirement pay to travel. These groups of people are the main growth in the mature market for tourism. These people within the age of 55 to 65 as the first baby boomers had move to their mature years and being very excited and active in finding new experience by travelling and enjoy the leisure moment after retirement. Safety and security have been an important factor in every industry especially in the tourism industry. As tourism or traveler, they usually concern the safety and security of the hotels and the transportation for their journey. In hotels, the security department must ensure that customers are away from the situation such as assault, raping, larceny, robbery and fire within the premises. In order to prevent this situation, there must be lighting in every single area of the hotels. Besides that, the security department staff must be well-trained in handling any situation happened. These not only is the safety of the customer but worker as well. On the other hand, the safety transportation such as airplane, ships, train, bus and taxi are also concerned by the tourism and traveler. A good and well managed in the safety and security of the accommodation can give an good impression to the guest and they will continue staying instead intro it to their friends. Conclusion Travel and tourism is very important in the hospitality industry because it leads to large revenue through lodging establishment. Lots of people prefer travel by car than other transports such as airplane, motorbike, bus or train. Although travel by airplane is the fastest among other transports but it is too expensive. Besides that, the communications between airlines and tourism industry should have an agreement in lower down the price to improve the tourism industry. By adjusting the price of the airplane, more people will go for travel and only can bring the tourism industry to a new millennium.

Medicinal Marijuana Should Be Legal :: Legalization of Marijuana

Any randomly chosen group of people asked to list the most dangerous of these, would include among their immediate answers: â€Å"The Drug Problem†. By the â€Å"Drug Problem†, do they mean the proliferation in our communities of all illicit, mood-altering, physically dangerous drugs? Or do they really mean the accompanying problems bought on by these proscribed substances: crime and the threat of crime, violence, disease, the growing number of users on public welfare, the loss of productivity to the country’s industry, the congestion of the court system, the over-crowding of our penal institutions, the diversion of our tax dollars from more productive areas, the corruption of our law enforcement agencies, and directly and indirectly the erosion of our civil rights? Since I am confining this paper to discussing the laws prohibiting marijuana use, I will concede that it fits the first two categories above; i.e. it is by law, illicit, and by its nature, mood-altering. With the third category we enter upon shaky ground. There is no scientific proof that the prolonged use of marijuana exacts a greater physical toll on the user than the equivalent abuse of nicotine or alcohol. Under the name Extract of Cannabis, marijuana was once widely used medicinally in the United States, and still has minor medicinal uses in other countries. There is only one species - Cannabis Sativa - which yields both a potent drug and a strong fiber long used in the manufacture of fine linen as well as canvas and rope. The seeds are valued as birdseed and the oil, which resembles linseed oil, is valuable because paints made with it dry quickly. A Chinese treatise on pharmacology alleges to date from 2737 B.C. contains what is usually cited as the first reference to marijuana. Through out the history of man in just about every culture the mention of this substance is found used both as a fiber and a drug. The first definite mention of the marijuana plant in the New World, dates from 1545 A.D. when the Spaniards introduced it into Chile. The Jamestown settlers brought the plant to Virginia and cultivated it for its fiber. In 1762 â€Å"Virginia awarded bounties for hemp culture and imposed penalties on those who did not produce it.† George Washington was growing hemp at Mount Vernon three years later – presumably for its fiber, though it has been argued that Washington was also concerned in increasing the medicinal or intoxicating potency of his marijuana plants.

Automobile Industry Macro Factor Affecting and Ther Weitage

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SKILL BASED QUESTIONS Simplest†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Q †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ East Bengal V/s Manchester United, match organized on Monday(Just day after). Fan across world are expected. Tickets available are 20,000, which have to be sold, but selling them over the counter is ruled out because of much less time available †¢ What now? 1) IT enabled services improve the effectiveness and efficiency of businesses in comparison with non-it enabled ones. Discuss. 2. IT involvement in BPOs is very important. Do you feel â€Å"There is no BPO without IT†? Justify your views. 3)In what major ways have IS in business changed during the last 20 years?What is the major change you think will happen in the next 10 years? 4) Peter Black ,the marketing manager of West star Inc. plans to have a marketing IS in the organisation. How would he go about improving the existing system? 5) How can Internet technologies help a business form strategic alliance with its c ustomers, suppliers and others? 5a) Why is there a trend towards cross functional Integrated enterprise systems in business? 6. If personalizing a customer’s website experience is a key success factor, then electronic profiling processes to track visitor website behavior are necessary. Do you agree r disagree with this statement? 7. Trendz Inc. is a retail company which plans to have an online presence. Explain the process of Web store development 8)Information systems play strategic roles to improve company’s competitive position. Identify the strategic roles of information systems that can give an organization competitive advantage. 9) XYZ Inc. has a very effective information systems. However, to keep the data secure, the security controls of IS in the company are very essential. What are the major types of controls that are needed to ensure the security of IS in XYZ. Inc? 10) Neglecting the ethical dimensions of IT can ave an effect on the functioning of a business . Explain in brief the ethical and social dimensions of IT. 11) The regional director of a marketing company wants to have an emergency meeting with all his sales team members and to show them a new protocol developed by the competitor. But all are at far-away places on sales assignments. Suggest how a suitable technology based method helps him. 12 †¢ Marketing Managers of a manufacturing firm are planning to increase the sales this year at any cost and they are supposed to prepare a proposal to show the management saying, what-if they increase the advertisement budget this year by 0%, 20% and 30% over the last year’s budget. †¢ Suggest a suitable Information system which helps them in their What-if analysis and comment. 13 †¢ Japan is planning host a football tournament, surprisingly for ROBOTS to showcase their technological supremacy. †¢ What branch of computer science will help them in designing the ROBOTS to play the game? Comment. 14 †¢ A logist ics company want to provide up-to date information to their clients about their shipment regarding their place or location, movement, and time of arrival at the destination, at any point of time the clients want to know about, in order to ave a satisfied customer base. †¢ Suggest what technology they should adopt to continuously track the shipments and how can they achieve their goal. 15 †¢ Company ABC is planning to do all business activities including collaboration with all stake holders using the telecommunication network while, company XYZ is planning to do only sales transactions using the same telecommunication network. †¢ Identify the technologies each of the firms are planning for and differentiate between them. 16 †¢ Business organizations want to purchase a software package which helps them to go global for all their eeds including market reach, interaction with customers and sales across the globe with better efficiency. The vendor companies have come forward to offer the same which is a multi module application software with features like single database, integration of all stand alone functional packages and which typically attempts to cover all basic functions of organizations. †¢ What they are planning to sell to Business organizations and if that software fails what would be the reasons? 17 †¢ Today one information system is used commonly by sales representatives, field service managers, feedback collection executives, response center gents, follow up executives, sales campaign managers, customer relationship executives etc†¦ at Honeywell to collect the orders, feedback, maintain the customer database, to send product brochures etc†¦. †¢ Explain that information system. 18 †¢ American companies off load their jobs to South Asian countries especially India, in order to reduce their operating and processing costs due to availability of cheap labour in such countries. †¢ What the business we a re talking about? How internet is helpful in doing such businesses. 19 †¢ Thirteen years ago when you purchased mobile phone and went to activate your SIM ard, it took almost 2-3 days to start making calls. †¢ Now if you do so, you can start immediately. What particular information processing activities are applied? Q 20 †¢ Describe your involvement in a large software development project, either as part of the commissioning team, or in developing the systems concept or in writing components of the software. †¢ How did your involvement relate to the involvement of others and how was the work of the different participants coordinated? †¢ How was the project overseen and managed? †¢ In what ways to you think the management of the project, or its implementation, could have been improved?

Do you think IQ will determine your success in life Essay

Have a successful life is everyone’s goal. Most of people think people who have higher IQ would always have a successful life. They believe that people who had talent is always better than people who don’t. However I think IQ would not determine people’s success in life. I would say have a higher IQ just can help people easier to do things but this doesn’t mean that people can do everything without they try hard and work hard. There are so many people that have higher IQ but they don’t even work hard to try their best. They never try to improve themselves, they just keep waste their precious talent. On the other hand there are people who don’t have higher IQ but they always work hard and try to improve themselves. I think people who never work hard will never success even they have a smart brain. I believe that if I want to have a successful life the only one thing I should do is to try my best. No matter I am a smart person or not, if I want to success in my life I better work as much as I can. Because in this world there is no one can get everything without hard working. Life is just like a race, you have to keep running away from destiny and never let destiny catch you. If you win this race, destiny will not affect you anymore and you will be the boss of your life. Nothing can make you fear and nothing can defeat you. Therefore I think life is based on choice. Because when people really want to change something in their life they can always defeat their destiny. I believe that life is led by myself and I am the guy who will decide where to go in my future. Every decision I make would all depend on my willingness and nothing can affect me except myself.